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Health & Fitness

Heat Related Illnesses

Sometimes too much of a good thing can be a bad thing. Exposure to the sun helps the body produce vitamin D for strong bones. But too much sun can lead to a number of heat-related illnesses, some of which can be potentially life-threatening.  I spoke with Kathy Waeckerle, RN, director of Des Peres Hospital’s Emergency Room, about things to consider now that the weather has gotten hot and humid again.

“Normally the body can cool itself by sweating,” said Waeckerle. “But in several situations, and for certain people, this just isn’t enough. High humidity, staying out in the heat too long and exercising too much for your age or physical condition can make the body temperature rise to dangerous levels. Other risk factors for heat-related illness include being under the age of four or over age 65, and being obese, ill or on certain medications.”

She noted several types of heat-related illnesses.

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  • Sunburn occurs when the skin becomes red and unusually warm after sun exposure. The skin also may later blister and peel.
  • Heat rash may appear as a red cluster of pimples or small blisters, usually on the neck and upper chest, in the groin area, under the breasts and in elbow creases.
  • Heat cramps can cause heavy sweating as well as painful spasms in the abdomen, legs and arms.
  • Heat exhaustion results in heavy sweating, pale skin, muscle cramps, fatigue, weakness, dizziness, headache, nausea or vomiting, and fainting.
Heat-related illnesses and deaths can be prevented. To stay cool when temperatures are extremely high, Waeckerle suggested these tips:
  • Drink plenty of fluids, but not ones that contain alcohol or large amounts of sugar, which can cause the body to lose fluid. Stay away from very cold drinks since they may cause cramps. Drink fruit juices or sports beverages to replace salt and minerals that are removed from the body when working or exercising in the heat.
  • Wear clothing that is light weight, light colored and loose fitting.
  • Apply sunscreen that has a sun protection factor of 15 or higher approximately half an hour before going outside.
  • Try to limit outdoor activities to morning or evening hours when temperatures are lower.
  • If not used to exercising or working in a hot environment, begin slowly and gradually increase activity level.
  • Stay indoors in an air-conditioned place. Fans can help, but they cannot prevent heat-related illnesses once temperatures reach the high 90s.
  • Never leave a child or pet in a parked car.
  • Avoid hot foods and heavy meals that can add heat to the body.

Most heat-related illnesses are not medical emergencies. However, in cases of heat stroke, call 9-1-1 or emergency medical services immediately and move the person to a cooler environment.

 

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